Acetylcysteine is often used to dissolve mucus and to facilitate expectoration during respiratory diseases. While there are a number of open and controlled studies that suggest a considerable benefit, there are other controlled studies that do not demonstrate a significant effect. A formal meta-analysis does not exist; however, many specialists consider the beneficial effect of acetylcysteine marginal. There are doubts as to its clinically relevant effect, in particular concerning chronically obstructive lung disease and cystic fibrosis. However, other mucolytic agents are not particularly well documented either. Some specialists consider inhalation of acetylcysteine more effective than oral administration. The effect of acetylcysteine against paracetamol intoxication is well documented. If the treatment starts quickly (if possible within 8 to 10 hours after the administration of paracetamol), severe liver and kidney defects can be avoided.

Acetylcysteine may have an effect on other intoxications, keratoconjunctivitis, or even HIV (human immunodeficieny virus) infections. However, these applications are in part poorly documented and in part experimental.

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