In many cases the imperative constipating effect of codeine is undesired and it is often a reason against long-term use of the drug. Vomiting and nausea also occur regularly.

All the other opioid side-effects are also present with codeine but they are comparatively mild. Retention of urine, itching, vertigo, palpitations or bradycardia, sweating, and mild central nervous effects (sedation, mood changes, some hallucinations) have been observed.

A respiratory depression under therapeutic doses is very rare. There is a danger of addiction for subjects with a former or present dependence of the opioid type.

Codeine: Interactions

The effect of codeine is increased by other drugs with centrally suppressing effects (e.g. alcohol) and by the enzyme inhibitor cimetidine. Neuroleptic and antidepressive agents can competitively inhibit the enzyme responsible for the analgesic effect of codeine.

Table of Contents | Indications | Pharmacology | Contraindications & Cautions | Risk Groups | References