Pregnant women: Generally the administration is allowed for medical indications. However, at term there are significant risks for the neonate (respiratory depression, cardiac problems): avoid morphine!

Nursing mothers: Only small amounts can be traced in breast milk. Can be given, may suppress lactation!

Children: Single dose: 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg (i.m./s.c. every 4 hours), as infusion 10-30 µg/kg/hour. Long half-lives in neonates! (Fentanyl may be better tolerated.)

Elderly people: Elderly people have a stronger reaction to morphine: reduce dose!

Renal failure: A dose reduction is recommended (active metabolites may be important).

Liver insufficiency: Generally no problem. A dose reduction is nevertheless recommended if disease is advanced.

Table of Contents | Indications | Pharmacology | Adverse Reactions & Interactions | Contraindications & Cautions | References