In many studies, naproxen proved to be equally as effective as other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (e.g. diclofenac, piroxicam). Its symptomatic action is particularly suited for rheumatic ailments. Its effects on arthroses and chronic polyarthritis have been examined most thoroughly. Subjects with ankylosing spondylitis (Bechterew's disease), juvenile arthritis, gout seizures or soft tissue rheumatism can also be treated with naproxen. Naproxen's relatively long duration of action is therefore often considered an advantage.

The drug has also been tested for several states of non-rheumatic pain . It is equal to other analgesics for postoperative and post-traumatic pain and for dysmenorrhea. The drug can reduce blood loss caused by menorrhagia in women with an intrauterine contraceptive device. Naproxen can be used for tension headaches and it has been used as an antipyretic agent (especially in children). It can also reduce tumour induced fever.

Naproxen also has good efficacy for migraine attacks. However, it is not clearly established if it is also suitable for migraine prophylaxis.

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