Pregnant women: Can be given. At the end of pregnancy: inhibits labour; tachycardia and increased excitability and vomiting possible in the neonate.

Nursing mothers: About 70% of the maternal plasma concentration is reached in breast milk. Can be given nevertheless (but in low doses if possible).

Children: Short half-life (except neonates)! If possible use slow release preparations (adequate for chidren) in long-term treatment. Dose: neonates (4 weeks and younger): 1-2 mg/kg twice daily; older neonates 1-3 mg/kg 1 to 3 times daily; children older than 1 year 16-20 mg/kg/day.

Elderly people: Cautious titration of the dose and monitoring of plasma levels may be indicated. Particular caution with pulmonary edema, heart failure or reduced liver functions!

Renal failure: No dose reduction necessary.

Liver insufficiency: Prolongation of half-life (up to 30 hours) is significant with cirrhosis and moderate with other hepatic diseases. Reduce dose and establish plasma levels.

Table of Contents | Indications | Pharmacology | Adverse Reactions & Interactions | Contraindications & Cautions | References