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Antwort:
Azathioprin und Schwangerschaft:
Es scheint, dass bei Verabreichung von Azathioprin während der Schwangerschaft das Missbildungdrisiko vielleicht leicht erhöht ist (Angaben Micromedex). Die meisten Autoren sind jedoch der Meinung, das Medikament könnte mit gutem Gewissen auch in der Schwangerschaft gegeben werden, z.B.:
Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1997 Feb;23(1):149-167
Immunosuppressive drug use during pregancy
Ramsey-Goldman R, Schilling E:
... There is considerable experience using azathioprine during pregnancy if the maternal condition requires use of a cytotoxic drug; there has been no increased risk of congenital malformations in the exposed infants ...
Presse Med 1996 Oct 12;25(30):1389-1390 [3 pregnancies in 2 women after long-term azathioprine treatment for inflammatory bowel disease]. [article in French]
Bourgaux JF, Bondu F, Raffanel C, Balmes JL.
Ob eine längerfristige Verabreichung vor der Schwangerschaft zu Missbildungen führen kann, ist nicht bekannt bzw. sehr unwahrscheinlich. (Mit den Stichwörtern "pregnancy" und "azathioprine" immerhin 127 Referenzen in Medline).
Influenzaimpfung und Azathioprin
Wiederum gemäss Medline-Daten kann behauptet werden, Azathioprin hätte wahrscheinlich keinen starken Einfluss auf die Antikörperbildung nach einer Influenzaimpfung.
Artikelbeispiel:
Transplantation 1986 Oct;42(4):376-379
Impairment of the immune response to influenza vaccination in renal transplant recipients by cyclosporine, but not azathioprine.
Versluis DJ, Beyer WE, Masurel N, Wenting GJ, Weimar W.
Influenza vaccination has been strongly recommended for immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients. However, immunosuppression may lead to impaired antibody responses. We studied the antibody response to an inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine in 59 renal transplant recipients with life-sustaining kidney function: 21 were on cyclosporine and prednisone, 38 on azathioprine and prednisone. Healthy volunteers (n=29) and patients on antibody hemodialysis (n=28) served as controls. Despite comparable renal allograft function, cyclosporine-treated patients had a significantly lower immune response against influenza A viruses than azathioprine-treated patients, whether mean antibody levels, fourfold titer rise, or seroconversion to protective titers was analyzed. No significant differences in antibody responses were found between healthy controls and patients on azathioprine. The patients on hemodialysis showed an impaired response to vaccination. However, in contrast to the cyclosporine-treated patients, booster immunization proved valuable in this group. |